Articles

Arbitration is generally a creature of contract. Like every other contract, it must satisfy certain conditions to be valid. Without a valid arbitration clause, no arbitration can be commenced, and no award can be rendered. Put differently, a valid arbitration clause is the cornerstone of every arbitral proceeding. Where an arbitration clause is poorly drafted,

The growing use of emergency arbitration has transformed international commercial dispute resolution by enabling parties to obtain urgent interim relief before the constitution of an arbitral tribunal. While this has enhanced the effectiveness of arbitration, the value of emergency relief ultimately depends on whether national courts recognise and enforce emergency arbitral awards. In this context,

The enforceability of multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses has long been a contested question in international arbitration. One recurring issue is whether parties can be bound to attempt mediation before resorting to arbitration or litigation. In CSW v PPSB 22/04619 (2024), the Dutch Supreme Court delivered a significant judgment on this matter, clarifying that mediation clauses

The principle of finality lies at the heart of arbitration. Parties who voluntarily submit their disputes to arbitration are generally bound by the resulting award, subject only to the limited statutory grounds for challenge. Courts in arbitration-friendly jurisdictions have consistently guarded this principle by resisting attempts to reopen disputes through indirect means. The recent decision

One of the traditional advantages of litigation over arbitration is the availability of summary judgment procedures, which allow courts to dispose of unmeritorious claims or defences at an early stage. To achieve similar efficiencies, institutions such as the HKIAC, SIAC, and ICC have introduced early or summary determination procedures, enabling tribunals to dismiss claims or